Andrew+Jackson+-+Student+Review+Wiki

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= = =Key Terms=


 * Northwest Ordinance** - A law that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories. Once a northern territory had 5,000 adult males, it could elect its own lawmaking body. Once a territory reached 60,000 people, it could become a state through Congress.


 * Trail of Tears** - The Indian's journey from the East to the new Indian Territory: the West. Where the Indians were ripped from their homes and lead bear footed over the mountains and to the west. **Not** under Jackson's presidency. It was in fact President Martin Van Buren who executed the Trail of Tears. The Native Americans had to wear handcuffs as they hiked along the trail.


 * Nullification Crisis** - South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun, Andrew Jackson's vice president, threatened to secede from the Union after they rejected the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 because they were too high and were hurting the south's economy. South Carolina also believed that the tariffs were favoring the North because then the manufactures in America could outsell their foreign competitors.


 * Tariff of 1832** - A tax imposed on imported goods. In 1832, a new tariff was passed lowering the tariff of 1828.


 * Spoils System** - Practice of awarding political supporters with government jobs. Andrew Jackson's idea of getting the bad civil servants out of office.


 * Force Bill** - Jackson can use the military to enforce taxes.


 * Self-made** - One who created his/her own opportunities and grew up to become a person of power and wealth. 'Andrew Jackson'.


 * Jacksonian Democracy** - The idea that common people should control their government, not just the rich. People rotate positions every couple of years so as to stay in touch with the people.


 * Indian Removal Act** - act that allowed the president to make treaties with the indians so they could trade their lands for new territory on the great plains.

=Main Ideas=

Be able to identify and explain the historical context for each of the following issues listed below. What was the issue? Depending on whose perspective, why was it or wasn't it a problem? How was the issue dealt with or resolved?

The spoils system was a system that allowed Jackson to rotate people around the different government offices. Jackson thought it was very democratic because more people would be given a chance to serve the government. Many people disagreed with Jackson's reasoning because they thought that Jackson was rewarding his political supporters by giving them jobs. His opposers also thought that he was removing great numbers of republicans and replacing them with only democrats, but in reality only 10% of the civil servants were removed, though most of them were from the republican party. Most of the civil servants that were replaced deserved it. Also not only republicans were replaced, democrats were replaced as well. Jackson gave everyone and equal chance.
 * **Spoils System** - How did the spoils system fit into Jackson's "democratic" plans to bring more people into the political process? Why were certain people opposed to this system?

The Nullification Crisis was the time when President Andrew Jackson attemped to help out the sales in the North by raising tariffs (taxes), but forgot about how they would affect the southern part of the United States. The southern states were getting charged more for products that might not be as good as the ones from Europe. Jackson then lowered the tax, but some people were still not satisfied. South Carolina then decided the it would nullify the law (not follow it) and even threatened to secede from the union. Jackson did not like this so he passed the force bill. It allowed Jackson to send armies into the states to collect the taxes. Finally SC backed down. Jackson though that there were many things that were wrong with the bank. The first thing that he disliked it were that it benefited the rich, but had no use for farmers or even smaller banks. He also though that it had no opportunity for the people that were trying to become rich and wealthy. Finally, he disliked the bank's president because the president had all of the characteristics that Jackson wanted. He made Jackson jealous. In attempt to get the bank out of the American system, he vetoed the re-charter bill. Jackson's opposer thought that if he sent a bill through congress, then Jackson would have to sign it so that he would not lose the votes of the rich people. But there were many more people who were poor that favored Jackson's veto and so he was later reelected. Finally he 'starved' the bank by taking all the money out of it and giving it other smaller banks all around the rest of the US. The bank finally died and Jackson 'thought' he had victory. The purpose of the Indian Removal Act was to relocate the Indians that were living close to towns and cities in the United States so that the Indians were not surrounded by racism and hate. With the Indians gone, the U.S. could expand a little more west and fulfill its manifest destiny. Under President Martin Van Buren, American soldiers marched 17,000 Cherokee Indians along the Trail of Tears to the west. Along the way 4,000 of the Indians died from the harsh weather, little food and brutal treatment.
 * **Nullification Crisis** - Explain the events of the Nullification Crisis. What was the problem? How did President Jackson deal with the crisis?
 * **Bank of the United States** - Identify the reasons why President Jackson felt the Bank of the United States was unfair. How did President Jackson attempt to get rid of the bank?
 * **Indian Removal Act** - Identify the purpose of the Indian Removal Act and its consequences on the Cherokee Indians.

=Essay=

=***DO NOT WRITE IN THE SECTION BELOW* **= = =  Use the [|DISCUSSION TAB] to post your thoughts and opinions with regards to the essay. Defend or refute the following statement:

"Andrew Jackson should be removed from the twenty-dollar bill."

Your essay **MUST** include historical research and evidence to support your position. Remember that making a successful argument involves not only presenting evidence and arguments for your side of the issue, but also **REFUTING** evidence and arguments from the other side of the issue. //Be sure to explain the reasons for your answer and use specific examples drawn from the textbook, class discussions, or other sources to support your answer.//